Roses (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Kardinal’) grown in a traditional upright production system form dense canopies, resulting in shading of many lower leaves. Today many growers have adopted a ‘bent-shoot’ production system where the majority of shoots (other than the flowering shoots) are bent to create a horizontal canopy in order to increase light availability to the canopy and cut rose quality. Plants grown with the bent-shoot system demonstrated a whole plant photosynthetic rate 28.4% higher than plants managed as an upright hedge system. In the experiment, harvested stems from the bent-shoot system were 50% longer, had larger flowers (14% larger diameter and 44% higher dry mass), and a 124% greater total dry mass than stems from the traditional upright system. R.M. Warner, J.E. Erwin. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 580: IV International Symposium on Artificial Lighting. www.actahort.org