Botrytis can cost growers a
lot of money through the loss of unmarketable plants and direct costs of
disease control. The HortLINK project conducted in Great Britain provides useful
guidelines. It is necessary to adopt an integrated approach involving plant
hygiene, environmental control and chemical treatment. Incoming seeds and
cuttings should be checked if they have been treated (Botrytis can be
carried on seed and in cuttings taken from infected stock). Damaged, dead or
infected leaves and trimmings should be removed and benches should be washed
down between crops. Plants should not be planted too deeply and need to be
handled carefully to avoid mechanical damage. High humidity must be avoided; at
a R.H. of 95% or above, Botrytis spores will germinate in only 2-3
hours. A temperature boost and ventilation for short
periods to avoid R.H rising above 80% (major risk start at over 90%) is
beneficial. In the summer it is better to ventilate first and then to give the
boost of heat, vice versa in the winter. No computer software is yet available
to manage this but growers can establish a time period in the computer for
periods of greatest risk. Without extra heat, Botrytis can still be
managed through using appropriate structures, irrigation and ventilation
practices. Taller greenhouses are better. Tunnels should be placed at lease 3m
apart. Side ventilation is important to avoid the gathering of still air in the
centre. Side ventilation combined with roof ventilation is best. Ventilation
fans should be placed in parallel or serial arrangement where they face down
the bay in the same direction or face each other. Sub-irrigation is more appropriate.
If overhead irrigation is used it should be applied early in the day. Alternating
different plant chemicals gives better control, for example (active
ingredients): pyrimethanil or mepanipyrim with dichorofluanid
or chlorothalonil. Botrytis is partially resistant to many
traditionally used products. Chemicals should be sprayed with a high volume of
water to ensure full coverage and penetration into the centre of the plants.
Two preventative treatments should be given after striking the cuttings or
potting. Claire Shaddick, "Commercial Greenhouse Grower", HDC
Workshop. green@actpub.co.uk www.hdc.org.uk |
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